ေမ့ေဆး ဆိုတာလူတိုင္း နားလည္ျပီးသားမို႔ အထူးရွင္းျပဖို႔ လိုမယ္မထင္ပါ။ ထံုေဆးဆိုလည္း လူေတြနဲ႔ စိမ္းမယ္မထင္ပါ။ အနဲဆံုး သြားႏႈတ္တာ ေလာက္ေတာ့ ဘယ္သူမဆိုႀကံဳဘူးပါလိမ့္မယ္။ အမွန္ေတာ့ ထံုေဆးဆိုတာ သြားႏႈတ္တာေလာက္၊ ျပည္ဖုေလးေဖါက္တာထက္မက အေတာ္က်ယ္ျပန္႔ပါတယ္။

              သံုးတဲ့ လူေပၚမူတည္ျပီး အေသးအမႊား ခြဲတာကအစ၊ အႀကီးစား ခြဲစိတ္မႈေတြမွပါ အသံုးတည့္ ပါတယ္။ ဥပမာ အရွင္းဆံုးျပရရင္ လူေတြအသိမ်ားတဲ့ ခါးရိုးထဲထိုးတဲ့ Spinalဟာလည္း ထံုေဆးအမ်ိဳး စားပါပဲ။ Spinal က လူကိုမေမ့ေစပဲ ခ်က္ေအာက္ပိုင္း ၀မ္းပိုက္ခြဲစိတ္တာက စျပီးေျခဖ်ားအထိ ထံုေစတာမို႔ ခြဲစိပ္ရာမွာ အေတာ္အသံုး တည့္ပါတယ္။ ထိုနည္း၄င္းပဲ ေမ့ေဆးဆရာ၀န္ကသာ ကၽြမ္းက်င္မယ္ဆိုရင္ သူ႔ေရာဂါအလိုက္ မ်က္နွာပိုင္း၊ လည္ပင္းပိုင္း၊ လက္ပိုင္း၊ စတဲ့ ဆိုင္ရာ ဆိုင္ရာ ေနရာေတြမွာ ခြဲမယ္ဆိုရင္ ေမ့ေဆးမလိုပဲ ထိုးနိဳင္တဲ့ထံုေဆး အမ်ိဳးအစား ေတြတစ္ပံုႀကီးပါ။



             ဒါေပမဲ့ ခက္တာက လူဆိုတာနာတတ္တဲ့ အမ်ိဳးမို႔ အေသးအမႊားကိစၥ ကလဲြရင္၊ ထံုေဆးနဲ႔ခြဲရမွာဆိုရင္ ေႀကာက္တတ္တာခပ္ မ်ားမ်ားပါ၊  အားနည္းခ်က္ တစ္ခုက ထံုေဆး ဆိုတာက တစ္ခါတစ္ေလ အေႀကာမမိရင္ အလုပ္မျဖစ္တာမို႔၊ ထံုေဆး လို႔ဆိုလိုက္ရင္ပဲ လူနာတင္မက ခြဲစိပ္ဆရာ၀န္ကပါ၊ မ်က္ႏွာ က မသာခ်င္ေတာ့၊ အခ်ိန္ကုန္တယ္တို႔၊ လူနာလက္မခံခ်င္ဘူးတို႔နဲ႔၊ ဆူညံသံေတြႀကားရတတ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီေတာ့ကာ ေမ့ေဆးဆရာ ေတြကလည္း ေခါင္းရႈပ္ခံမေနေတာ့
လြယ္လြယ္ပဲေမ့ေဆး ေပးခ်လိုက္ တတ္တာမ်ားပါတယ္.....

               ေမ့ေဆးဆိုတာ ေသမင္းႏႈတ္ခမ္း၀ေလွ်ာက္ေနရတာ ပါ......ထံုေဆးက ေမ့ေဆးနဲ႔ စာလွ်င္အဆ ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ အသက္ေဘးနဲ႔ေ၀းပါတယ္၊  ဘာေႀကာင့္လည္း ဆိုေတာ့ ေမ့ေဆး ဆိုတာက ရွဴရင္အဆုပ္ထဲ အရင္ေရာက္ ျပီးမွသာ ေသြးထဲ၀င္၊ ေနာက္ဆံုးမွဦးေႏွာက္ထဲ ေရာက္ရတာပါ။ ထုိးရတဲ့ေမ့ေဆးဆို လည္းအသည္းတို႔ ေက်ာက္ကပ္ တို႔ကိုအရင္ျဖတ္ ရတာမို႔၊ အဆုပ္တို႔ အသည္းတို႔ ေက်ာက္ကပ္တို႔ ကိုအနည္းနဲ႔ အမ်ားထိခိုက္ေစပါတယ္။ ဘာမွေရာဂါ မရွိဘူးဆိုရင္ပင္ ေမ့ေဆး ဆိုတာက အနဲနဲ႔အမ်ား နွလံုးရဲ႕အလုပ္ကို အေနွာင့္အယွက္ ေပးတတ္ပါတယ္။ ဆိုေတာ့ကာ အဲဒီ အစိတ္ပိုင္းorgan တစ္ခုခုမွာ နဂိုရ္ကတဲက ေရာဂါ ရွိေနမယ္ (ဥပမာ နွလံုးေရာဂါ၊ ရင္ႀကပ္ေရာဂါ) ဆိုရင္ေတာ့၊ေမ့ေဆးဆရာေတြ ဘုရားတ ရျပီ....

       


               ထံုေဆး ဆိုတာက ေတာ့ခြဲလိုတဲ့ေနရာ တ၀ိုက္အေရျပား ေအာက္မွာတင္ ထိုးရတာမို႔ ေသြးထဲ ေရာက္စရာမလို အဆုပ္တို႔ နွလံုးတို႔ အသည္းတို႔ ေက်ာက္ကပ္တို႔ ကိုဒုကၡမေပးပါ၊ တစ္နည္း ေျပာရရင္ လူနာကိုေဆးဒဏ္ လံုး၀မပိေစပါ။  ထံုေဆးက ယွဥ္လိုက္ရင္ ေမ့ေဆးထက္ အပံု တစ္ရာမကအႏၱရာယ္ ကင္းတာပါ။ ေျပာရမယ္ဆိုရင္ ေသြးတိုး ဆီးခ်ိဳတက္ ေနသူေတြ၊ ရင္ႀကပ္ပန္းနာ၊ ႏွလံုးေရာဂါ၊ ထေနသူေတြ အတြက္ထံုေဆးက ေက်းဇူးရွင္ပါ။

          အေရးေပၚ မျဖစ္မေနခြဲရမဲ့ အေျခအေနဆိုး၀ါး ေနတဲ့လူနာ၊ ေမ့ေဆးလည္းေပးလို႔ မခံနိုင္တဲ့ လူနာ ဆိုပါစို႔၊ ထံုေဆးကတကဲ့ကို ကယ္တင္ရွင္ပါ။ ေငြေႀကးအရ တြက္မယ္ဆိုရင္လည္း ထံုေဆးက ေမ့ေဆးဘိုးနဲ႔စာလွ်င္္ ကန္စြန္းရြက္အခ်ဥ္ရည္ဟင္း နဲ႔ႀကက္သားဆီပ်ံဘိုးေလာက္ ကြာပါတယ္၊ ေဆးနဲ႔ အပ္ေလာက္ရွိရင္ ထံုေဆးက ဘယ္ေနရာမွာ သြားေပးေပး ေပးလို႔ ရေနပါျပီ၊ ေမ့ေဆးလို ေဒၚလာ သိန္းေက်ာ္တန္ ေမ့ေဆးစက္ေတြ မလိုပါ။

          Spinal ကအထူးသျဖင့္ ဗိုက္ခြဲေမြး ရတဲ့လူနာ (ဆီဇာ) Caeser ေတြအတြက္ အသင့္ေတာ္ဆံုးပါ။ မေအကို ေမ့ေဆးေပး လိုက္ရင္ ဗိုက္ထဲက ကေလး ကိုပါေမ့ေစတာမို႔ ကေလး ပါမြန္းတတ္ ပါတယ္။ ကေလးမြန္းလွ်င္ အနည္းနဲ႔အမ်ား ဦးေႏွာက္ ေတာ့ထိခိုက္တတ္ပါတယ္၊ Spinal ကေတာ့ ကေလးတြက္ အေကာင္းဆံုးပါ၊ ဒုကၡမေပးသေလာက္ပါ။

Ref::::http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/health_advice/facts/anaesthetic.htm

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Anaesthetic

Written by Dr Gordon FN Smith, consultant anaesthetist

What is an anaesthetic?

An anaesthetic is used to temporarily reduce or take away sensation, usually so that otherwise painful procedures or surgery can be performed.

There are two types of anaesthetics:

• general, which make the patient unconscious.
• local, which numb the part of the body that would otherwise feel pain.

Anaesthesia-induced sleep is not the same as ordinary sleep but a form of temporary unconsciousness that is carefully controlled by the anaesthetist. This involves administering the right quantity of anaesthesia for each kind of operation. Throughout the procedure, different types of medicines are added or removed to relieve the pain and maintain the right level of unconsciousness.

For some operations, the best option is to combine a local anaesthetic such as spinal or epidural anaesthesia with medicines to make the patient sleepy. The anaesthetist can explain these details in advance.

Who is the anaesthetist?

A consultant anaesthetist is a specialist doctor who, after qualifying in medicine, spends about six years training in the specialty of anaesthesia. Anaesthetists see patients while being trained, but a consultant supervises them during all procedures.

What does the anaesthetist do?

The anaesthetist takes a careful look at the history of the patient's general health and uses this information to decide how best to offer care. The various options will be discussed with the patient before the operation; patients are encouraged to ask questions and speak about any worries they may have. During the operation, the anaesthetist stays with the patient at all times to make sure they are comfortable and safe. This includes controlling pain, replacing body fluids and measuring and controlling all the vital functions of the the body such as the heart beat, blood pressure and brain and kidney function. This process continues after the operation, when the anaesthetist will organise the control of any pain or sickness and advise on when it is safe to eat and drink again.

Why is eating and drinking not allowed before an operation?

If there is food and drink in the stomach, the patient may be sick while under the anaesthetic. The vomit can pass into the lungs but the body, which is depressed by the medicine, loses its ability to cough it up. This can cause serious lung damage. Eating is usually not allowed from six hours before surgery but in some cases clear fluid may be taken up to two hours beforehand.

What about crowns and loose teeth?

During the operation, it is often necessary to pass a tube into the throat to permit normal breathing. The instrument used to pass this tube into the gullet can easily damage loose teeth and crowns, so the anaesthetist will ask if you have any so that extra care can be taken to avoid them. The same problem applies to dentures, which are removed to prevent them interfering with breathing.

Are anaesthetics safe?

Anaesthetics are almost entirely safe, but every operation carries a very slight risk. A recent survey in the UK showed that death due to anaesthesia occurred in about five in every million anaesthetics given. People who are in poor health run a higher risk than those who are fit and well. This can be discussed with the anaesthetist.

What is a 'premed'?

While waiting for their operation, patients are given a medicine known as a 'premed' to make them them feel slightly drowsy and stop them becoming anxious. They might not even remember going to the operating theatre or being put to sleep.

Where and how does the patient go to sleep?

Patients are given a small injection in the hand to make them go to sleep. This usually takes place in a room next to the operating theatre. Some patients - especially children - have an anaesthetic cream rubbed onto the skin beforehand so that they won't even feel the injection. Others are given a mixture of gases to put them to sleep very quickly.

Day-case patients are usually taken straight to the operating theatre. Parents are encouraged to stay with their children until they are asleep.

How and where does the patient wake up?

After the operation, the anaesthetist stops giving the medicines that were keeping the patient unconscious and he or she is taken to a recovery room where there are specially trained staff. The longer the operation, the longer it takes to wake up. When the patient has woken up completely, they are taken back to the ward. Occasionally, people recover consciousness in the operating theatre once their operation is over. This is quite safe.

How do people feel when they wake up?

Patients often feel cold and slightly confused. They may have pain or feel a bit sick, but these symptoms can be treated when the anaesthetist visits the patients to check that they are alright.

What is it like after the operation?

How people feel after the operation depends on the kind of surgery they have had. They will be encouraged to get out of bed as soon as possible and will be usually be allowed to eat and drink in the first few hours after a minor operation.

Labels: Health-V, Knowledge-III